Ornamental yarn and method of making the same



Nov. .15, 1932. M. J. FRANK 1,883,033

ORNAMENTAL YARN AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Jan. 9. 1931 2 sneets sheet 1 A TTORNEYS.

Nov. 15, 1932. M. J. FRANK 1,388,033

ORNAMENTAL YARN AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Jan. 9, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

A TTORNEYS.

Patented Nov. 15, 1932 UNITED STATES PATIENT OFFICE MORRIS J. FRANK, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO FRANK ASSOCIATES, INC., 01'

NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK ORNAMEN'I'AL YARN AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Application filed January 9, 1931. "Serial No. 507,562.

My invention relates to a new and improved ornamental yarn, a new and improved method of making the same, and a new and imgroved mechanism for making said yarn. ne of the objects of my invention is to produce a yarn having a lustrous surface, so that the yarn can be used for making ornamental effects.

Another object of my invention is to produce a yarn having a surface layer of material, said surface layerbeing adapted to reflect the light, so that a lustrous-effect is secured.

Another object of my invention is to produce an improved ornamental yarn having a light-permeable surface layer, said surface layer being adapted to reflect the light, as well as to permit the light to pass through the same, to be reflected by the interior portion of the yarn.

Another object of my invention is to produce a yarn of the above mentioned type, which can be dyed in a variety of colors- Another object of my invention is to produce a yarn of the above mentioned-type, which shall be stiff and strong, so that it can be utilized for making ornamental braids and the like.

Another object of my invention is to produce an ornamental yarn, having the surface material or surface layer wound in the form of a smooth helix'upon the interior or base portion of the yarn, in order to produce a superior ornamental effect.

Another object of my invention is to produce an improved yarn of the above mentioned type, in which the interior or the base portion of the yarn is made of a plurality of strands which have a small twist.

Another object of my invention is to provide for the manufacture of this type of yarn, by commencing the winding of the surface layer upon .a plurality of twisted strands or threads and untwisting said strands or threads, in order to accomplish the winding of the surface material in the form of a helical layer, so that the completed yarn hasthe inner strands thereof with little or no twist, although we prefer to retaina slight any standard type of yarn making machine,

in order to produce the improved article.

Other objects of my invention will be set forth in the following description and drawings which illustrate a preferred embodiment thereof, it being understood that the above.

general statement of the objects of my invention is intended merely to generally explain the same and not to limit it in any manner. v

Fig. 1 is a front elevation showing certain parts of a standard machine which can be utilized for making the improved yarn, if

my attachment is applied thereto.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line 2-2' of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevation, partially in section, showing the formation of the improved yarn.

, Fig. 4: is an enlarged sectional view on the line H of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a detail diagrammatic view showing how the base portion of the yarn is un-- twisted, in order to wrap the outer layer around said base portion.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 6-6 of Fig. 3.

. The improved yarn comprises a base portionmade of two or more strands of hemp,

having a surface layer or wrapping of viscose material, said viscose material being of the type which can take up moisture, and which can adhere to the hemp under the influence of moisture. Viscose material of this.

type is well known on the market under the name Cellophane, one type of this material being capable of being moistened, and being adherent when in the moist condition. This material is preferably in the hydrated state when it is utilized, and it is generally described in the numerous text books, such as for example, Wordens Technology of Cellulose Esters, Volume 1, part 4, pages 3075 and 3076.

. I prefer to have the base portion of the improved yarn consist of two threads or strands of Batangas hemp, having a thickness corresponding to a length of 25,000 up to 27,250 meters per kilogram.

Prior to the formation of the completed ornamental yarn, a hemp yarn H is formed from two such strands of hemp, this yarn having a relatively low twist, such as a twist of 7% turns per inch.

This hemp yarn H is wound upon a series,

of spools 1, which are mounted upon an arm 2 forming part of the frame F of the mait is then led around idler rollers 6 and 7 to an eye 8. As shown in Fig. 3, this eye 8 is connected to a' tip-up arm 9, which is connected by means of a hinge 10 to the frame of the machine. The arm 9 can be moved upwardly from the position shown in Fig. 3, but it can not be moved downwardly from said position, and the normalposition of said arm 9 is as shown inFig. 3.

The machine illustrated herein is a well known yarn-making machine known as the VVhitin. This machine is used-for untwisting the hemp yarn, for the purposes of my invention, which is not restricted to the 'use of any particular type of yarn machine.

The machine illustrated is of the ring frame type in which the bobbin is positively driven, and the thread is passed to the bobbin through a ringtraveller which is mounted on a ring frame so that the ring traveller can freely move in a circular path around the axis of the revolving spindle on which the bobbin is mounted. In a machine of this type, the ring traveller moves with the in relation to the speed of revolution of the unison with the overlap, and the completed yarn is wound upon bobbin 12 (having head 14). The rotation of the ring traveller 17 about the axis of the bobbin spindle serves to untwist the hemp yarn H as it passes between eye 8 and traveller 17, until the twist has been lowered from about 7 turns per inch, to about 1 turns per inch. The untwisting of the hemp yarn is secured by suitably choosing the direction of revolution of the bobbin with respect to the direction of twist of the As the yarn is untwisted, the untwisting causes the covering strip C to be wound helically upon the untwisted yarn, between the eye 8 and the ring traveller 17. This helical winding of'the covering strip is due to the fact that the core yarn consisting of the hemp is still in comparison with the moist covering material, and because the core yarn is under suitable tension, while the covering material is merely wound aroundthecoreyarn. Hence, the direction of twist of the covering material is opposite to the original direction of twist of the yarn H.

The viscose material C is led around a roller 9a whose lower portion is immersed in a suitable liquid, such as water, which is contained in a tank 10a and over an idler roller 11. The moistened cellophane material then passes through the eye 8. While a dry hemp thread may be utilized in forming the completed thread, it is preferable to moisten the hemp thread before it is wound upon the bobbins 1. However, when the completed thread is formed, it is desirable that the hemp thread H should contain little or no surface moisture in the form of drops or the like, as this would interfere with the production of a smooth lustrous layer C. However, it is desirable to have the hemp yarn H sufficiently moist, in order to pro duce the proper adherence of the material C.

The vertical bobbin 12 is mounted upon a vertical spindle 15, which is provided with a pulley 16, so that the bobbin 1.2 can be turned in unison with the spindle at suitable high speed.

The vertical motion of the traveller, in. order to cause the completed thread to be helically wound upon the bobbin 12, is cured by means of the members 18 and 19, which are suitably connected to each other and to which a vertical'up and down motion is imparted by means of a standard part,

twist the surface material C about the yarn This yarn H may be considered as forming the base portion of the thread. As the yarn H passes to the eye 8 to the flyer 17 the untwisting thereof causes the yarn to turn in the clockwise direction, so that the covering material C is wound in the form of a smooth helical layer. Although the drawings show the hemp strands perfectly parallel to each other, in the completed portion of the ornamental thread, this is be cause the final twist in the hemp yarn in the completed thread is too slight to be shown in the drawings. A slight final twist, such as 1 turns per inch, is preferred.

As the hemp yarn passes through the eye 8, the outer diameter thereof is less than when it passes through the traveller 17, because the untwisting of the hemp yarn causes the strands thereof to assume a more parallel position. By untwisting the hemp yarn, I intend to refer to the reverse twisting thereof. Hence the untwisting of the hemp yarn not only automatically winds the covering I material C, but it also serves to exert tenwind the covering material C about a twisted yarn H, because the twist of the yarn prevents the covering material from sagging between the strands of the yarn. Experience has shown that if the covering material is wound about two or more parallel strands of material, the outer material enters the space between said parallel strands to a greater or less extent, thus providing a completed yarn whose surface is irregular, so that its luster is diminished.

For this reason I prefer that the completed yarn should have a. slightly twisted base portion, in order to prevent the sagging or wrinkling of the other material. The u'ntwisting of the yarn increases the luster of the completed ornamental yarn, because the light is reflected more uniformly from an untwisted yarn than from a twisted yarn.

The completed yarn can be dyed by means of various methods, and the dye which is chosen is preferably such'as permits the light to pass through the covering Cto be reflected more or less from the substantially parallel threads or strands of the base portion ofthe yarn.

The completed improved yarn can be distinguished from a yarn-which is formed by winding the covering material about a pair of parallel strands, by the following characteristics:

a. My improved yarn has a much greater and more uniform luster.

b. The surface covering of my improved yarn is substantially free from any inequalities or wrinkles. This can be detected by means of. a microscope.

0. My improved yarn has the inner threads thereof with a slight twist.

03. My improved yarn has the outer surface layer free from any'markings which would be produced if a mechanical device would be necessary helical form.

6. In my improved yarn, the helical surface layer is wound very tightly around the base portion of the yarn, due to the effect exerted by the untwisting, as previously mentioned.

While I have shown a preferred embodiment of my invention, I do not desire to be limited to the details thereof. For example, I do not'wish to be limited tothe specific materials mentioned, or either of them. Likewise, I do not wish to exclude from my invento twist said outer covering into tion they use of an adhesive for connecting the surface layer to the base portion of the ornamental yarn. Likewise, while I prefer to have a slight twist in the base portion of the final yarn, I do not wish to exclude from my invention a completed yarn in which the base portion consistsof parallel threads.

As illustrating my invention in full detail, I may mention that each of the individual hemp threads shown in Fig. 3 may have a twist of the thickness plus atake-upof about three per cent.

In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, Fig. 6 shows a slight spacing between the covering C and the threads H. In actual practice, there is I little or no such spacing,

because the outer covering is wrapped tightly about the inner threads. For this purpose suitable frictional resistance can be offered to the turning of the spoolsl and 3, so that the material which is unwoundfrom these spools is under tension.

I have shown a preferred embodiment of .my invention, but it is clear that numerous changes and omissions can be made without departing from the spirit of my invention. 'Iclaim:-

1. A method of producing an ornamental yarn which consists in reverselytwisting a base portion comprising a pair of twisted members, and causing the reversely twisted members to come into adhering contact with an outer covering, "so that said outer covering is helically wound around said base portion by the reverse twisting of said members.

2. A method of producing -,an ornamental yarn which consists in reversely twisting a base portion comprising a pair of twisted ice members, and causing 'the reversely twisted members to come into adhering contact with an outer covering, so that said outer covering is helically wound around said base portion by the reverse twisting of said members, saidouter covering comprising a light-permeable Viscose material.

3. A method of forming an ornamental yarn which consists in causing a pair of twisted and moistfibre members to come into adhering contact with a moist viscose strip, and reversely twisting said fibre members so that said viscose strip is wound helically around said fibre members.

4. A method of forming an ornamental yarn which consists in causing a pair of twistd and moist fibre members to come into adhering contact with a moist viscose strip, and reversely twisting said fibre members so that said viscose strip is wound helically around said fibre members, said viscose strip being moistened immediately before it is caused to contact with said fibre members.

5. A method of forming an ornamental yarn which consists in causing a pair of twisted and moist fibre members to come into adhering contact with a moist viscose strip, and reversely twisting said fibre members so that said viscose strip is wound helically around said fibre members, said viscose strip being moistened immediately before it is caused to contact with said fibre members, said fibre members being substantially free from any surface moisture.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

, MORRIS J FRANK.

1,sss,oes 

